TOP TENs

TOP TENs prepares lists of both best energy-efficient technologies and best practices in key energy-consuming sectors that governments can promote.

Participating Members

People’s Republic of China
Brazil
Japan
Republic of Korea
Russian Federation

*Operating Agent – China Quality Certification Center

People’s Republic of China

China is the world’s most populous country currently and fourth-largest in area. To reconcile energy and development goals, it is developing clean energy and has vigorously pursued energy efficiency policies for several decades.

Hub involvement

China aims to transition its economy to a less carbon- and energy-intensive model. While coal and oil dominate energy supply, policies emphasise renewable and nuclear electricity and cleaner, efficient technologies.

The country has many energy efficiency programmes, including building, equipment and appliance energy performance standards and labels, and the Top 10,000 scheme requiring industrial firms to set targets for and invest in energy efficiency.

China is represented on the Hub’s Steering Committee by the National Development & Reform Commission, leads the TOP TENs Task Group, participates in several Task Groups, and contributes to the Hub’s Policy Exchange Workshops.

Brazil

Brazil is the fifth-largest country in the world by area and the largest energy consumer in South America. It has long-standing national energy efficiency policies, including utility-funded programmes for consumers and appliance energy standards and labels.

Hub involvement

Renewables meet 45% of Brazil’s primary energy demand, making the energy sector one of the least carbon-intensive in the world. Hydropower accounts for around 80% of electricity generation.

Key policy mechanisms include building codes, standards for space cooling equipment and measures promoting energy management systems.

Brazil is represented on the Hub’s Steering Committee by the Ministério de Minas e Energia, participates in all Task Groups, and contributes to the Hub’s Policy Exchange Workshops.

Japan

Japan is an island country with the third-largest economy in the world. It relies heavily on imports of fossil fuels, has a high share of nuclear power in its electricity mix, and has been a global leader in energy efficiency for decades.

Hub involvement

In recent years, Japan has become increasingly reliant on imports of oil, coal, and natural gas, which together account for 88% of Japan’s energy consumption.

The country has long-standing national policies and measures to foster energy efficiency. These include voluntary actions for industry (like the Top Runner Programme), vehicles and appliances. Standards are in place for products, vehicles, and industrial sectors.

Japan is represented on the Hub’s Steering Committee by the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, leads the EMAK Task Group, participates in all Task Groups, and contributes to the Hub’s Policy Exchange Workshops.

Republic of Korea

Korea is one of the most economically developed nations in East Asia. The government has announced policies that would significantly accelerate energy efficiency improvements.

Hub involvement

Korea depends on fossil fuel imports, which account for 85% of the country’s total energy supply. Policies aim to significantly improve energy efficiency and the share of renewable electricity, while gradually phasing out coal and nuclear power.

The Green New Deal and Energy Master Plan are key legislations aimed at supporting the energy transition. The Energy Efficiency Innovation Strategy supports deployment of information and communication technologies, energy management systems, intelligent transport systems and virtual power plants.

Korea is represented on the Hub’s Steering Committee by the Korean Energy Agency, participates in several Task Groups, and contributes to the Hub’s Policy Exchange Workshops.

Russian Federation

Russia, stretching across Europe and Asia, is the world’s largest country by size and a leading global exporter of energy. The country’s Energy Agency is responsible for the country’s energy efficiency policy measures.

Hub involvement

Russia is the world’s second-largest producer of natural gas and its largest exporter, and a leading oil exporter.

The country has created a legal and institutional framework to enhance efficient energy use. The Energy Strategy of Russia, adopted in 2009 includes a number of regional energy efficiency measures.

Russia participates in Task Groups and in the Hub’s Policy Exchange Workshops.

  1. Background
  2. Impact

Goals

The goal of the Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies and Best Practices Task Group is to stimulate uptake of energy efficiency in key energy consuming sectors. This is achieved by:

  1. Informing policy makers, businesses, and other stakeholders about the best available energy-saving technologies and practices.
    • Ensuring the lists of technologies and practices are applicable to developed and emerging economies.
  2. Enhancing and encouraging cooperation between governments and market actors to facilitate an exchange and promotion of the best available technologies and practices.
    • Facilitating integration of the TOP TENs lists into bilateral and multilateral energy efficiency cooperation activities.
  3. Developing and optimising methodologies for the evaluation, dissemination, and promotion of energy-efficient practices and technologies.

Background

TOP TENs was jointly established by China and Australia in 2013. Since then, the Task Group has published several lists of best available technologies and best practices featuring cutting-edge approaches and case studies.

Best practices cover all sectors apart from agriculture, and include case studies like university-wide efforts to build a smart campus, application of passive house technology, energy management award programmes, and more.

Best available technologies refer to specific technologies like dimming, co-generation, heat pumps, and industrial waste heat recovery. The lists do not include specific brands.

Technical experts from Member countries nominate the initial list of best technologies and best practices. Then, the Task Group begins the evaluation process, which involves scoring based on a 100-point evaluation system. Some of the key evaluation criteria include energy savings potential, level of innovation, efficiency, economic and social benefits, environment, health, and safety. As a result, the Task Group produces national and international lists of top technologies and practices to save energy.

Impact

The work of TOP TENs is relevant to policy makers and stakeholders in industry, buildings, and transportation.

Since the launch of the TOP TENs, the Task Group Members have played active roles in developing and promoting the Task Group.

The group produced two international TOP TENs lists of the most energy-efficient technologies and practices to reduce energy demand and emissions.

The work of TOP TENs was presented at the G20 Global Summit on Financing Energy Efficiency, Innovation and Clean Technology in 2019, China Energy Conservation Week in 2019, 2020, 2021 and 2022, and Japan ENEX (Energy and Environment Exhibition) in 2020.

Resources

International

List of Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)

NoBest Available Technology TitleType of TechNominators
01Combined Heat and PowerCo-generation projectsJapan, Australia, United States
02Drying optimisationPre-drying technologiesAustralia
03Heat pump TechnologyTwo-stage heat pump technologyChina
Heat pump for high-temperatures:
Steam condensation typy vacuum degreaser
Japan
Heat pump for low-temperatures: Heat pump
system for high-efficiency steam supply
Japan
The simultaneous heating and cooling heat pumpJapan
04High-efficiency light emitting diodes (LED) lightingJapan
05Low-emission boilerBoiler economiserAustralia
Flue gas heat recovery systemUnited States
Low NOx regenerative burners:
High-performance industrial furnace (regenerative
burner)
Japan
High-efficiency industrial pulverised coal BoilerChina
Small once-through boilersJapan
06Premium light dimming technologyJapan
07Pumping System OptimisationReduce throttling lossesAustralia
08Recovery of industrial waste heatSlag water waste heat recovery blast furnaceChina
Heat recovery and conversion to electricityAustralia
Low-temperature waste heat recovery for power generation using organic rankine cyclesUnited States
Thermoelectric coordinated central
heating technology
China
Low-grade waste heat to power absorption
chillers
United States
Waste energy recovery technology in the
metallurgical industry using a coaxial drive
turbine unit
China
09Foundry metal stress relief technologyChina
10Variable frequency drivesUnited States
Note: This list is alphabetically ordered

List of Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Practices (BPs)

NoBest Practice TitleNominator
01Energy conservation in the refining and chemical industriesChina
02Energy Just In Time (JIT) activitiesJapan
03Energy saving in a gigawatt-scale coal-fired generation unitChina
04Zero-energy office building practicesChina
05Flight planningAustralia
06Optimising generator controlsAustralia
07Promoting energy conservation and peak load control for factoriesJapan
08Integrating LNG cold energy into an ethylene plantJapan
09Reducing idle running in manufacturingAustralia
10Using low-temperature industrial waste heat for district heatingChina
Note: This list is alphabetically ordered

List of Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies(BATs) – Industrial Sector

NoBest Available Technology TitleNominator
01Energy-saving control chip technology on body voltage sensorChina
02Energy saving technology based on three-phase sampling and fast responseChina
03Heat, cold and electricity generation by tri-generationFrance
04High-strength and low thermal conductivity heat insulating materials
“ROSLIMTM Board GH”
Japan
05Infrared technologies for drying and baking thin products or coatingFrance
06Matrix Converter U1000Japan
07Optimum control of high efficiency inverter centrifugal chillers using a heat source integrated control systemJapan
08Selective and mass heating by microwavesFrance
09The high-effective energy-conservation recovery technology of the excavator’s potential energyChina
10Variable speed drives (VSD) applied to centrifugal and other dynamic
machine (pumps,fans, compressors)
France
Note: This list is alphabetically ordered

List of Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Practices (BPs) – Industrial Sector

NoBest Practice TitleNominator
01Cooking of food products using Micro-wavesFrance
02ECO activities to actualize “Visualization(energy audit)” and
“Optimization” using EQS-AD10 (Environmental Andon System)
Japan
03Energy Management System Construction CaseChina
04Energy-saving practical case through centralized management and control by Yanggu Xiangguang CopperChina
05High frequencies for gelation of PVC coveringsFrance
06High frequency sticking of composite productsFrance
07Promotion of energy conservation by circle activities at a paperboard manufacturing plantJapan
08Reducing CO2 emissions in the supply chainJapan
09Reduction of base-load energy usageJapan
10Shagang Group 2500kW dust exhausting fan energy-saving
reconstruction project
China
Note: This list is alphabetically ordered

List of Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies(BATs) – Building Sector

NoBest Available Technology TitleNominator
01Building energy management and information systemsUnited States
02Carbon dioxide (CO2) heat pump water heaters for home use ecoCute “ESTIA Premium Model”Japan
03Condensing gas tankless water heatersUnited States
04Heat pump water heatersUnited States
05Intelligent district heating platform with monitoring and operation optimization technology in heating systemChina
06Key technologies of centrifugal units based on temperature and humidity independent control systemChina
07Light-weight, small-sized, low-cost high efficiency LED high-bay lighting fixturesJapan
08Occupant responsive lightingUnited States
09Split-type air conditioner “Kirigamine FZ Series”Japan
10Treatment process of the prefabricated directly buried thermal insulating pipesChina
Note: the list is alphabetically ordered.

List of Top Ten Energy Efficiency Best Practices (BPs) – Building Sector

NoBest Practice TitleNominator
01Application case of the whole-process management of near-zero energy of No. 9 building of Shanghai Hongqiao State Guest HotelChina
02Case of Guangzhou White Swan Hotel energy saving reconstructionChina
03China Academy of Building Research nearly zero energy buildingChina
04Energy conservation activities at a next-generation green hospitalJapan
05Energy conservation in the distribution of procured building productsJapan
06Passive house technology center of Sino-German EcoparkChina
07Promotion of super energy-saving construction by achieving “Japan’s first urban-style Zero Energy Building (ZEB)”Japan
08Life-cycle management of energy efficiency targe-“Joy City”project in ChengduChina
09University-wide efforts to build a smart campusJapan
10Zhuhai Singyes renewable energy R&D buildingChina
Note: the list is alphabetically ordered.

Domestic

Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)

NoBest Available Technology TitleNominator
01Foundry metal stress relief technologyChina
02Waste energy recovery technology in the metallurgical industry using a coaxial drive turbine unitChina
03Industrial Low-Grade Waste Heat RecoveryChina
04Cement suspension preheating and calcining technology with high solid-gas ratioChina
05Data Center Energy conservationChina
06Infrared Radiant Porous Ceramics Energy Saving Combustion TechnologyChina
07Efficient New-type Membrane gap Ion Membrane Electrolysis TechnologyChina
08Energy-saving technology of two-stage screw air compressorChina
09High-efficiency industrial pulverized coal boilerChina
10Heat Pump Energy conservation: Two-stage heat pump technologyChina

Energy Efficiency Best Practices (BPs)

NoBest Practices TitleNominator
01Using low-temperature industrial waste heat for district heatingChina
02Zero-energy office building practicesChina
03Energy conservation in the refining and chemical industriesChina
04“Gradual catch-up” Energy Management Model in QingdaoChina
05Water Cube LED lighting power-saving demonstration projectChina
06Shendu Building Implements Passive Building Transformation in ShanghaiChina
07Promoting “Educational energy conservation” and “Energy conservation education” in Beijing Jiaotong UniversityChina
08Dynamic closed-loop energy management and control system in CIMCChina
09Energy saving in a gigawatt-scale coal-fired generation unitChina
10Shenzhen Institute of Build Research Co., Ltd. Green Building Demonstration ProjectChina

Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)

NoBest Available Technology TitleNominator
01High-efficiency Heat PumpJapan
02The Simultaneous Heating and Cooling Heat Pump SystemJapan
03Steam-condensation Type Vacuum DegreaserJapan
04Heat Pump System for High-efficiency Steam SupplyJapan
05High-Efficiency BoilersJapan
06Once-through Boiler Featuring Wide Combustion Range with Burner for Fully-premixed Surface-stabilized Combustion and CondensingJapan
07Multiple Installation (MI) System of Small Once-through Boilers with Optimal-efficiency Operation FunctionJapan
08Small Gas Fired Once-through BoilerJapan
09Cogeneration SystemJapan
10High-performance Industrial Furnace (Regenerative Burner)Japan
11High-Efficiency InvertersJapan
12Application Expansion of High-Efficiency LightingJapan
13High-efficiency LED LightingJapan
14Premium Dimming TechnologyJapan

Energy Efficiency Best Practices (BPs)

NoBest Practice TitleNominator
01Development and Introduction of Human/Environmentally Friendly Equipment with a Focus on Minimizing Power ConsumptionJapan
02New Painting Technology that Simultaneously Reduces Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) and CO2 EmissionsJapan
03Energy Conservation and Peak Power Containment Promoted by Everybody in the FactoryJapan
04Low Energy Utilization System across Multiple SitesJapan
05Reduction in Steam Loss from 100,000 Steam TrapsJapan
06Energy Just In Time (JIT) ActivitiesJapan
07Integrating LNG Cold Energy into an Ethylene PlantJapan
08Electricity-saving Measures by Coca-Cola: Development and Popularization of Peak Shift Vending MachinesJapan

Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)

NoBest Available Technology TitleNominator
01Flue gas heat recovery system (feedwater economizers and/or combustion air preheaters) for boilersUnited States
02Flash-steam recovery technologyUnited States
03Loss on ignition (LOI) optimization technology for coal-fired boilersUnited States
04Variable frequency drives (VFDs)United States
05Low-grade waste heat to power absorption chillersUnited States
06Industrial combined heat and power (CHP)United States
07Recuperative or Regenerative BurnersUnited States
08Low-temperature waste heat recovery for power generation in industry using Organic Rankine Cycles (ORC)United States
09Wireless sensors for real-time measurement and process monitoringUnited States
10Plant or enterprise-level energy monitoring and management systemsUnited States

Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)

NoBest Available Technology TitleNominator
01Pumping System Optimisation – ThrottlingAustralia
02Cogeneration PlantAustralia
03Heat Recovery and conversion to ElectricityAustralia
04Drying OptimisationAustralia
05Flotation Circuit OptimisationAustralia
06Grinding OptimisationAustralia
07Boiler EconomiserAustralia
08Chiller ControlsAustralia
09Road designAustralia
10Weight Reduction – VehiclesAustralia

Energy Efficiency Best Practices (BPs)

NoBest Practices TitleNominator
01Optimising Generator ControlsAustralia
02Flight PlanningAustralia
03Reducing Idle Running in ManufacturingAustralia
04Optimising HVAC controlsAustralia
05Reducing Product LossesAustralia
06Use of Driver Advisory SystemsAustralia
07Optimising ProcessesAustralia
08Cleaning Condensers and Heat ExchangersAustralia
09Removing Furnace SootAustralia
10Monitoring and Managing DataAustralia

Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs) in Industry Sector

NoBest Available Technology TitleNominator
01The High-effective Energy-conservation Recovery Technology of the Excavator’s Potential EnergyChina
02Energy Saving Technology Based on Three-phase Sampling and Fast ResponseChina
03Energy-saving Control Chip Technology on Body Voltage SensorChina
04Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) Screw Expanding Generation SystemChina
05Energy Saving Technology of New Steady Flow and Heat Preservation Aluminum Reduction CellChina
06Energy Saving Technology of Liquid Cooling and Heat Conduction in Electronic EquipmentChina
07Energy Balance and Scheduling Optimization Technology for Industrial EnterprisesChina
08Waste Heat Recovery from Industrial Waste Water by Low Vacuum Phase Change PrincipleChina
09Energy-saving Copper Rotation-floatation Smelting TechnologyChina
10Modular Cascade Regenerative Clean Combustion Coal Gasification TechnologyChina

Energy Efficiency Best Practices (BPs) of Industry Sector

NoBest Practice TitleNominator
01Energy Management System Construction CaseChina
02Energy-saving Practical Pase Through Centralized Management and Control by Yanggu Xiangguang CopperChina
03Shagang Group 2500kW Dust Exhausting Fan Energy-saving Reconstruction ProjectChina
04Energy-saving Transformation of Permanent Magnet Eddy Current Flexible Transmission Energy-saving Device for Dust Removal FanChina
05Application of Energy-saving Optimization Technology in Compressed Air SystemChina
06A Case of Energy Management System Construction in Beijing Capital AirportChina
07Energy-saving Transformation of Textiles Wastewater Treatment and Recovery of Waste Heat from Waste Gas of Setting MachinesChina
08Shengli Oilfield Branch Dong Sanlian Regional Integration Energy Efficiency Improvement ProjectChina
09Low-Temperature Waste Heat Power Generation Technology Case for 2# S-zorb Unit in Yanshan RefineryChina
10Large Temperature Difference Cogeneration Heating TechnologyChina

Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs) of Building Sector

NoBest Available Technology TitleNominator
01Intelligent District Heating Platform with Monitoring and Operation Optimization Technology in Heating SystemChina
02Key Technologies of Centrifugal Units Based on Temperature and Humidity Independent Control SystemChina
03Treatment Process of the Prefabricated Directly Buried Thermal Insulating PipesChina
04Integrated Low-nitrogen Combustion Condensing Technology Based on New Type of Heat Transfer StructureChina
05Skid-mounted Heat Exchange Station Technology Based on All-welded High-efficiency Heat ExchangerChina
06Energy-saving Synthetic Resin Curtain Wall Decoration System TechnologyChina
07Modular Central Air-conditioning Energy Saving Technology Based on Variable Flow Control of Cooling Tower GroupChina
08Flow Passage Style Heat Exchange Technology for Sewage-source Heat Pump SystemChina
09CO2 Air Source Heat Pump Heating TechnologyChina

Energy Efficiency Best Practices (BPs) of Building Sector

NoBest Practice TitleNominator
01Case of Guangzhou White Swan Hotel Energy Saving ReconstructionChina
02China Academy of Building Research Nearly Zero Energy BuildingChina
03Passive House Technology Center of Sino-German EcoparkChina
04Life-cycle Management of Energy Efficiency Target— “Joy City” Project in ChengduChina
05Zhuhai Singyes Renewable Energy R&D BuildingChina
06Application Case of the Whole-process Management of Near-zero Energy of No. 9 Building of Shanghai Hongqiao State Guest HotelChina
07China Energy-saving Green Buildings Science and Technology MuseumChina
08Energy Saving Lean Management Case of Shunhe International Hotel in ShandongChina
09Smart Energy Conservation Renovation Project in the Headquarter Building of State Power Investment CorporationChina

Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs) in Industry Sector

NoBest Available Technology TitleNominator
01Optimum Control of High-Efficiency Inverter Centrifugal Chillers Using a Heat Source Integrated Control SystemJapan
02Large-Capacity Storage Battery ‘NAS Battery’Japan
03High-strength and Low Thermal Conductivity Heat Insulating Materials ‘ROSLIM™Board GH’Japan
04By-product Gas-fired Gas Turbine TechnologyJapan
05Matrix Converter U1000Japan
06High-Efficiency Motor ControlJapan
07Air Conditioning in BuildingsJapan
08Water-cooling PumpJapan

Energy Efficiency Best Practices (BPs) of Industry Sector

NoBest Practice TitleNominator
01Promotion of Energy Conservation by Circle Activities at a Paperboard Manufacturing PlantJapan
02ECO Activities to Actualize “Visualization (energy audit)” and “Optimization” Using EQS-AD10 (Environmental Andon System)Japan
03Reduction of Base-load Energy UsageJapan
04Reducing CO2 Emissions in the Supply ChainJapan

Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs) of Building Sector

NoBest Available Technology TitleNominator
01Split-type Air Conditioner ‘Kirigamine FZ Series’Japan
02Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Heat Pump Water Heaters for Home Use EcoCute ‘ESTIA Premium Model’Japan
03Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Refrigerant Heat Pump Water Heater Using a New Thermal Insulation StructureJapan
04Technology for Virtually Operating Multiple Storage Batteries as One Large Storage Battery, and Using for Adjusting the Electric Power Receiving BalanceJapan
05Ultrafine Fiber High Heat Insulating Glass Wool ‘Aclearα’ seriesJapan
06High-performance Triple-glazed Vinyl Windows APW430Japan
07High-Performance Heat Insulating Plastic WindowsJapan
08Light-Weight, Small-Sized, Low-Cost High-Efficiency High-Bay Lighting FixturesJapan

Energy Efficiency Best Practices (BPs) of Building Sector

NoBest Practice TitleNominator
01Promotion of Super Energy-saving Construction by Achieving “Japan’s First Urban-style Zero Energy Building (ZEB)”Japan
02Energy Conservation Activities at a Next-generation Green HospitalJapan
03University-wide Efforts to Build a Smart CampusJapan
04Energy Conservation in the Distribution of Procured Building ProductsJapan

Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs)

NoBest Available Technology TitleNominator
01Condensing gas tankless water heatersUnited States
02Occupant responsive lightingUnited States
03Heat pump water heatersUnited States
04LED downlight luminairesUnited States
05Building energy management and information systemsUnited States
06Fixed window attachmentsUnited States
07Advanced rooftop unit controlsUnited States
08Plug load control devicesUnited States
09Comprehensive attic updateUnited States
10Dynamic solar control systemsUnited States

Energy Efficiency Best Available Technologies (BATs) in Industry Sector

NoBest Available Technology TitleNominator
01Infrared Technologies for Drying and Baking Thin Products or CoatingFrance
02Variable Speed Drives(VSD) Applied to Centrifugal and Dynamic Machines (Pumps, Fans, Compressors)France
03Selective and Mass Heating by MicrowavesFrance
04Heat, Cold and Electricity Generation by Tri-generationFrance
05Mechanical Steam CompressorFrance
06Gas Absorption Heat PumpsFrance
07Electrical Injection Moulding PressFrance
08Regenerative Self-recuperative BurnersFrance
09Very High-Efficiency Electric MotorsFrance
10Industrial Heating Baths Using Immersed Compact Tubes (ICT)France

Energy Efficiency Best Practices (BPs) of Industry Sector

NoBest Practice TitleNominator
01Cooking of Food Products Using MicrowavesFrance
02High Frequencies for Gelation of PVC CoveringsFrance
03High-Frequency Sticking of Composite ProductsFrance
04Recovery of Animal Fats and Transformation into BiofuelFrance
05Waste Heat Recovery (Exhaust Gases, Compressor Cooling Systems, Data Centers)France
06Optimization of Refrigeration Facilities with the Use of Floating High Pressure and Floating Low Pressure Controls; VSD on Fans and CompressorsFrance
07Uranium Enrichment by CentrifugationFrance
08Energy Management and Control SystemFrance
09Optimization of Ambient Conditioning Systems in the Industry (Clean Rooms, Food Industries, etc.)France

TOP TENs Timeline

  • The TOP TENs Task Group was set up and the Terms of Reference was adopted.

  • The first batch of domestic TOP TENs list was released.

  • The first batch of international TOP TENs list was released.

  • TOP TENs was positioned as one of the G20’s key areas of collaboration on energy efficiency under the framework of Energy Efficiency Leading Programme (EELP).

  • The second round of TOP TENs evaluation was launched.

  • The second round of TOP TENs evaluation was conducted per energy-using sector.

  • The second batch of domestic TOP TENs list was released.

  • The second batch of international TOP TENs list was released at the G20 side event.

  • In the occasion of the 30th China Energy Conservation Week, TOP TENs Special Column was set by the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) of China to conduct cloud promotion.

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